Edmonia Lewis was the first professional African American sculptor, born in New York in 1843/45. Her father was a free African American and her mother a Chippewa Indian. From the beginning, she was determined to become a sculptor. With a minimum of training, exposure, and experience, Lewis began producing medallion portraits of known abolitionists. With sales of her portrait busts of abolitionist John Brown and Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, the Boston hero and white leader of the celebrated African American 54 Regiment of the Civil War, Lewis was able to finance her first trip to Europe in 1865.

Edmonia Lewis 

She traveled to London, Paris, and Florence, and decided to settle in Rome for two years. There, she became involved with a group of American women sculptors and began to work in marble. Sculptors usually hired local workmen to carve their final pieces, but Lewis did all her own stonework out of fear that if she didn’t, her work would not be accepted as original. In addition to creating portrait heads, Lewis sculpted Biblical scenes and figural works dealing with her Native American heritage and the oppression of Black people. Unfortunately, most of Lewis’s sculptures have not survived.

Portrait busts of abolitionists and patrons (such as Anna Quincy Waterston), and subjects depicting her dual African American and Native American ancestry were Lewis's specialty. She also completed several mythological subjects or "fancy pieces," such as the figure biblical Hagar, which you can see above.

Hagar by Edmonia Lewis via DailyArt mobile app

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History

personaldevelopment

Personal Development

artsandculture

Society, Arts & Culture

"Hagar" by Edmonia Lewis via DailyArt app, your daily dose of art getdailyart.com

Compared to flower still-lifes of the early 17th century, this painting is a real floral explosion. Rather than a stiff bouquet, we see a colorful profusion of flowers hanging over the edge of the vase.One special detail is the reflection in the glass vase, which shows a cloudy sky through the studio window and a few objects on the windowsill.Jan Davidsz de Heem was the most influential flower painter of his day. He spent various periods in Antwerp, where he became acquainted with the effusiveness of the south.

Vase of Flowers (1670), Jan Davidsz de Heem

<ul><li>The Utrecht School is composed of of three Dutch painters—Dirck van Baburen, Gerrit van Honthorst, and Hendrik Terbrugghen—who went to Rome and fell fully under the pervasive influence of Caravaggio’s art. </li><li>Their subjects are frequently religious ones, but brothel scenes and pictures in sets, such as five works devoted to the senses, were popular with them also. </li><li>The numerous candles, lanterns, and other sources of artificial light are characteristic and further underscore the indebtedness to Caravaggio.</li></ul>

Utrecht School

The Entombment of Christ, Caravaggio (1602/03) v Baburen (1621)

Childhood of Christ, Honthorst (1620)

Allegory of a painting, Honthorst (1656)

Saint Sebastian tended by Saint Irene, Terbrugghen (1625)

Utrecht school, principally a group of three Dutch painters—Dirck van Baburen (c. 1590–1624), Gerrit van Honthorst (1590–1656), and Hendrik Terbrugghen (1588–1629)—who went to Rome and fell fully under the pervasive influence of Caravaggio’s art before returning to Utrecht. Although none of them

Utrecht school | art

“The right to be forgotten” (RTBF), also known as the right to erasure, gives individuals the right to ask organisations to delete their personal data. It appears in Recitals 65 and 66 and in Article 17 of the GDPR.

The Right To Be Forgotten

<ul><li>The right to be forgotten is about making sure that the people themselves – not algorithms – decide what information is available about them when their name is entered in a search engine. </li><li>In practice this means that a search engine will have to, subject to certain conditions being met, remove a search result linking to a specific webpage when it receives a request from a citizen. </li><li>Therefore, the judgement makes sure that citizens are in control of their personal data.</li></ul>

Myth 1: “The Judgement Does Nothing For Citizens”

<ul><li>The judgement only concerns search engine results involving a person’s name.</li><li>The content remains unaffected by the request lodged with the search engine, in its original location on the internet.</li><li>The content can still be found through the same search engine based on a different query. </li></ul>

Myth 2: “The Judgement Entails The Deletion Of Content”

<ul><li>The RTBF, which is a part of the right to personal data protection, is not absolute. It is balanced against other fundamental rights. </li><li>That’s why the judgement limits the RTBF and recognises that there may be a public interest in all links to content remaining online. </li><li>RTBF applies only where the information is inaccurate, inadequate, irrelevant or excessive for the purposes of data processing. </li></ul>

Myth 3: “The Judgement Contradicts Freedom Of Expression”

<ul><li>RTBF does not allow governments to decide what can and cannot be online or what should or should not be read. </li><li>It is a right that citizens will invoke to defend their interests as they see fit. Independent authorities (national data protection authorities + national courts) will oversee the assessment carried out by the search engine operators. </li></ul>

Myth 4: “The Judgement Allows For Censorship”

<ul><li>As content is not deleted, the internet does not have a diminished importance as a source of information. Takedown mechanism already existed before. </li></ul>

Myth 5: “The Judgement Will Change The Way The Internet Works”

technologyandthefuture

Technology & The Future

The Right to be Forgotten: Myth Busting

<ul><li>ESP or the sixth sense is referred to as the process of perceiving without the use of the known senses</li><li>clairvoyance is one variety of ESP, where a person is able to gather information without the use of the physical senses</li></ul>

Extrasensory Perception (ESP)

<ul><li>New research led by the University of Melbourne found out that people could reliably sense that a change has occurred without being able to visually identify the change. </li><li>The research design involved presenting observers with a pair of human photographs for a short period of time, in some of which there would be minor difference, and asking:</li></ul>1) if there is a change, mostly answered correctly2) what the change was (from a number of alternatives), which the observers often couldn’t answer <ul><li>According to the findings, the results can be explained without invoking an extrasensory mechanism. </li></ul>

Understand yourself and those around you.

psychology

Psychology

Debunking the sixth sense

This study aims to analyse the adoption of mobile payment applications during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic using the technology acceptance model (TAM) and Technology Readiness Index (TRI). TRI constructs affect perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, with the exception of discomfort which has no significant effect on the perceived usefulness. In addition, attitude is influenced by two main TAM variables: perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Meanwhile, the intention to use mobile payment applications is influenced by attitude.

Summary

<ul><li>perceived usefulness and easiness of use determine one’s attitude towards the adoption of a particular technology and consequently determine the intention to use and apply the technology</li><li>perceived usefulness: the extent to which a person believes that using a particular system will improve his work performance </li><li>perceived ease of use: a person’s belief that using a particular system will free him from effort</li><li>readiness for a specific system</li></ul>

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

<ul><li>related to one’s tendency to use new technology as well as the general sentiment about the new technology </li><li>16 items, measuring optimism, innovativeness, discomfort and insecurity</li><li>readiness for general technology</li></ul>

Technology Readiness Index (TRI)

H1-4: Optimism/Innovativeness have a positive effect on perceived usefulness/ease-of-use. ✅ supportedH5-8: Discomfort/Insecurity have a negative effect on perceived usefulness/ease-of-use. ✅ H6❌ H5, H7-8H9-10: Perceived usefulness/ease-of-use have a positive influence on attitude. ✅ supportedH11: Attitude has a positive influence on intention to use mobile payment applications. ✅ supported

Hypotheses

<ul><li>TRI constructs have a high level of importance in their effect on attitude and intention to use</li><li>optimism has the highest level of importance ➡️ must be increased by service providers by convincing users of the benefits of using mobile payment applications </li><li>insecurity has a positive effect on perceived usefulness and ease of use (❌H7-8); “explorer”/techno-ready user more likely to learn to use the application</li></ul>

Findings

Predicting the adoption of mobile payment applications during the COVID-19 pandemic - Author: Wahyu Rafdinal, Widi Senalasari

marketingandsales

Marketing & Sales

moneyandinvestments

Money & Investments

Predicting the adoption of mobile payment applications during the COVID-19 pandemic

The study found that consumers experiencing social exclusion are more likely to make high risk investments. This effect is moderated by consumers' level of mental budgeting such that at high levels of mental budgeting the effect of social exclusion on investment choice is attenuated. The study further finds that the moderating effect of mental budgeting is mediated by pain of payment.The findings suggest that policymakers can reduce unduly risky personal investment behavior by triggering mental budgeting thoughts using methods such as advertising and mention of transaction fees.

<ul><li>a state of physical/emotional isolation involving feelings of loneliness due to being left out, ignored or ostracised by others</li><li>leads to anti-social behaviour</li></ul>influences:<ul><li>preference for distinctive products: psychological emptiness/ unsatisfactory interpersonal relationships intensify the desire for material possessions and conspicuous consumption</li><li>risk-taking behaviour: present-day bias, less conservative investment behaviour</li><li>inclination towards brand/ product switching (self-efficacy, sense of control)</li></ul> <ul><li>financial literacy is lower in developing countries; lowest w.r.t. risk diversification</li></ul>

Social exclusion

<ul><li>incl. mental budgeting (separation of monetary income into economic categories), labelling of income and assets, hedonic framing (evaluation of gains and loss combinations)</li><li>violates the fungibility assumption of money: different propensities to use money depending on the source</li><li>hampered by credit card use: decouples costs and benefits by facilitating mixing of purchases among budgeted categories and increasing temporal distance between purchases and payments (payment delayed until credit card bill is due)</li></ul>

Mental Accounting 

<ul><li>prospect theory: loss perception decreased in consumers in a low state of mental budgeting</li><li>psychological myopia: tendency to focus on immediately relevant information (e.g., transaction fees) while ignoring relevant background information stronger for high levels of mental budgeting ➡️ lower probability of engaging in high-risk investments</li></ul>

Mental Accounting II

<ul><li>painful state of mind or psychological burden consumers experience upon purchase</li><li>lowered by credit card and mobile payments</li><li>bottom dollar effect: purchases using budgets close to exhaustion result in a lower customer satisfaction</li><li>higher level of mental budgeting results in stronger pain of payment</li></ul>

Pain Of Payment

H1: Socially excluded people have a higher preference for high-risk investment products than socially included people. H2: For individuals with higher mental budgeting, the positive effect of social exclusion on preference for high-risk investment products will be lower. H3: The moderating effect of mental budgeting on the impact of social exclusion on consumer preference for high risk investment is mediated by pain of payment.

The effects of mental budgeting and pain of payment on the financial decision making of socially excluded people - Author: Sungyong Chun, Devon S. Johnson

"Hagar" by Edmonia Lewis via DailyArt app, your daily dose of art getdailyart.com

Vase of Flowers (1670), Jan Davidsz de Heem

Utrecht school | art

The Right to be Forgotten: Myth Busting

Debunking the sixth sense

Anne Marie